I am bringing up the balance sheet again as we have been seeing some sets of accounts coming into our business with insufficient information to be a credible balance sheet.

I am seeing far too many prepared using the cash accounting system. I know this is not the easiest of documents to understand when you’re reading a set of accounts so I wanted to tell you some of the differences between a good balance sheet, and one that has been thrown together as a last resort.

I have been preparing and reading this document for a number of years and have seen all shapes and sizes. Part of my training was to read ones prepared by the FTSE 100 companies, not recommended. The financial statements can be complex and lengthy.         But micro and small companies are done fairly simply so you don’t have to read 50 pages of detailed technical language.

Be sure that not only does the balance sheet contain information about the profit or loss you’ve just made during your trading year but has a number of components.

I would expect you to receive a detailed set of pages describing the different figures in the balance sheet. This doesn’t need to go to Companies House as small and micro businesses are abbreviated, but you should have a full copy that you can use for your business going forward, if you don’t you need to question this.

If you are going to sell your business or go to the bank to borrow money, you are going to need this important document. This is an accumulation of your whole trading history whether you’ve been trading for a year, or 50 years. A company that is 50 years old balance sheet will look different and may have complexities that a new business will not.

Components to expect.

Fixed Asset Register

There should be a summarisation of the fixed asset register detailing accumulative costs and deprecation and changes happening during the financial year. There should be a net book value at the end so you know the value of your assets.  Fixed assets are your machinery, vehicles, refurbishment, furniture etc.

Intangible assets

These can be patents, trademarks, goodwill. This needs to be highlighted in detail, with amortisation or not.

Debtors

This can be money in the bank Trade debtors, customers that owe you money Other debtors can be prepayments, accrued income, if the company has loaned money to a member of staff etc.

Creditors

Overdraft facility at the bank Trade Creditors, Suppliers you owe money to Taxation HMRC any of the taxes, Corporation tax, VAT, PAYE Other Creditors Accruals, invoices you havent received from a supplier, but paid, directors loan etc.

Long term liabilities

Can be bank loans, lease agreements, hire purchase. If these components are known to you and are not in your accounts, you must question this.

The balance sheet is a financial document that tells the reader the financial position of your business it is vital to be correct. It is even more important than a profit and loss, that only tells you one year timeframe.

Make your business a strong one, a weak set of information will not help you move forward, it can have the opposite affect and hold you back.

Its in your hands!

We covered looking at your balance sheet some time ago, and wanted to refresh you on why it is so important.

Building up your balance sheet can help you with your future with the business, if you were ever to sell your company on to a potential buyer, this is an important area that the buyer will be looking at.

Its not just about profitability and turnover, the balance sheet is an indication that you are growing your branding, a business that has thought about strengthing and building up the balance sheet is worth considerably more than one that focuses just in the present.  ie turnover and profit.

The example we have below, is fine for a small business and will probably have a good credit score as its positive in both the net current assets (Working Capital) and the overal value.

But if youre talking about a business thats worth selling you are going to need a plan, this could be a 5-10 year plan, its certainly not short term.

Will need to be assets in both the fixed assets sections and current assets, this could be by buying equipment or machinery to make yourself more efficient and do a higher volume, buying a company with skills or equipment that brings Goodwill into the assets section, quite a lot of larger companies do this, they purchase mailing lists, and client lists, from smaller companies, to rapidly increase their net worth, and increase turnover.  

Current assets would be building up your turnover, and therefore your debtors increasing. Keeping an all important eye on the costs, and keeping the creditors to a reasonable level.

Long term liabilities are usually loans that are paid more than one year ahead, and maybe the director loans, if the owner hasnt taken back all of their investment.

The balance sheet value needs to increase tenfold, and self sacrifice for the owner is a must for this kind of exercise.  Its not all about your current year anymore, but your long term future, and future sales opportunity.  Think of it as a potential pension plan?  Investment for the house by the sea, whatever your dream future this is your opportunity to make it a reality.

This blog is intended for information purposes only and is only advice from past experience, you may have other suggestions of your own. It is not intended to be used to make all of your business decisions but as a guide only.

How Graphs Can Be Used For Your Business

Graphs can be used by Financial and Non Financial managers in a variety of ways.

Sales

Sales Managers have targets that are set for them by the company they work for.  They can track their sales in a variety of ways.

Our example shows Sales split by category/or segment and shown against budget. Targets that were set at the beginning of the year.

This graph also tells you the most popular and productive products on sale.
You can take this further and look at the margins of each product category, you might not sell a lot of something but if it returns a higher margin/profit rate, you don’t have to sell as many to get the same profit figures. There may also be seasonality in that product line.

Ie in hot weather a newsagent may sell a lot more drinks than bars of chocolate.
In cold weather the icecream freezer might go untouched. Easter, Half Term, Christmas. You would tailor your sales targets to match demand.

Apply this method to your particular product line.

 

Cashflow

You might want to set yourself a target bank balance for you to meet your overheads and make a profit.

The graph will show against budget whether you are meeting that goal.

It also gives indication of the business behaviour, see our example the graph shows above the line at first, then dips over February to April then comes back up.  Back into the target position and above.

If the graph had shown erratic it would give an indication of how well the manager is managing the business. In a planned approach, or finger in the air approach.

Gross Profit

This is a key figure in your accounts, it indicates whether you have made enough sales to now cover your overheads and make a profit.

Our graph shows a rise and then a sharp dip in May, this could be down to several factors.  The Sales themselves were generally low that month, an error in charging the right selling price for a new product line, an operational issue.

If you see a dip in any of these things, look for the reason, if easily explained, you could be putting action in to put yourself back on track.  Also look out for high peaks, these should be explainable.  ie a new contract, timing issues, seasonality, or it could be an error.

This blog is intended for information purposes only and is only advice from past experience, you may have other suggestions of your own.  It is not intended to be used to make all of your business decisions but as a guide only.

The Bank of England held interest rates at 4.25% but signalled that further cuts may be on the horizon. While this can present opportunities for those looking to refinance, borrow, or invest, getting the best deals is all about how prepared you are.

Credit Scores

Whether you’re applying for a personal loan, a business overdraft, or a mortgage, your credit score is key. A better credit profile often gives you access to lower interest rates, better terms, and higher borrowing limits.

It’s not just personal — businesses are being judged too. Especially if you’re running a small or cash-heavy business, you need to show the banks that your income is consistent and traceable. This means banking regularly. If you’re taking in cash, deposit it frequently. Banks and lenders want to see a clear money trail, and this trail heavily influences their decisions.

Identification

A number of people come to us facing delays simply because their names don’t match across official documents. Whether you’ve been married, divorced, or just changed your name, your passport, driving licence, utility bills, and bank statements should all align.

Why? Inconsistent ID records can drag down your credit score or delay financial approvals, especially when you're trying to refinance or borrow.

Budgeting

When it comes to credit scoring and financial health, the basics still matter. Set a budget, pay on time, and don’t miss repayments. These small, consistent habits are the biggest contributors to long-term financial strength.

Payback Criteria

Lenders are getting stricter. Working capital requirements have increased. Before, many banks were happy if you had 1.5 times your loan payment obligations in working capital. Now they want to see 2 times making it so much harder to obtain a loan.

For example, if your business has monthly loan and interest payments of £1,000, you now need at least £2,000 in working capital a month to be considered financially stable in their eyes.

This change is a big deal for small businesses or anyone looking to re-finance.

Plan Now to Take Advantage

• Review your credit score and dispute any error
• Align your ID documents (especially name consistency)
• Build your working capital reserves if you’re a business owner
• Start comparing re-mortgaging or refinancing options now
• Speak to a financial adviser or broker who can help position you before rates change
• Planning ahead is key

Being prepared isn’t just about having money, it’s about showing lenders that you manage it well. The most successful borrowers and businesses are the ones who plan ahead.

If you need help with your credit, your documentation, or just planning your next financial move, we’re here to support you every step of the way.

Big changes are coming to how company directors and individuals with significant control (PSCs) verify their identity with Companies House. As part of a major set of reforms aimed at increasing corporate transparency and accuracy in the register, identity verification will become a key requirement for many involved in running limited companies in the UK.

What’s Changing?

Currently ID verification is on a voluntary basis for:

• Company directors
• Individuals with significant control (PSCs)

Later in the year, from autumn 2025, these requirements will become mandatory for all new company incorporations and new appointments. Existing directors will have 12 months to complete their ID verification from autumn 2025.

While exact dates for full implementation haven’t been confirmed, it's clear that these changes will become compulsory by late 2025.

Who Will This Affect?

These reforms are expected to impact approximately 7.4 million existing directors in the UK. Anyone involved in managing a UK company, or holding significant control over one, will need to ensure their identity is verified through the new process.

It is not only directors and PSCs, third party agents who will be submitting information to Companies House on behalf of others, will now be required to register and verify their own identities.

Why These Changes Are Being Introduced

The enhanced powers granted to Companies House are designed to:

• Improve the accuracy and integrity of company data
• Enhance transparency around who owns and controls companies
• Making it harder to submit false or misleading information

Requiring identity verification ensures Companies House can confidently identify who is filing information and acting on behalf of companies. It also allows for faster detection of agents who may be acting unlawfully, and appropriate action can be taken.

Authorised Corporate Service Providers (ACSPs)

In the future, all third-party providers (such as accountants, solicitors, and company formation agents) will need to register as Authorised Corporate Service Providers (ACSPs) in order to:

• Submit information to Companies House
• Conduct ID verification checks on clients

An ACSP must be a business supervised under Money Laundering Regulations.

We will be becoming an ACSP and will be providing this identity verification service to our clients. While official guidance and full details are still limited at this stage, we’ll be contacting everyone affected as soon as more information becomes available.

What should you do now?

• Be aware that ID verification is voluntary for now, but will likely become mandatory by autumn 2025
• Start preparing for these changes, get your passport and driving licence up to date if they have expired
• Keep an eye on updates from us

We’ll continue to monitor developments closely and keep you informed as further guidance is issued.

Hello and welcome to April — the start of a brand-new financial year! As always, this time of year brings fresh updates from the Government and one of the most notable changes on the horizon is HMRC’s ‘Making Tax Digital’ for Income Tax Self-Assessment which is coming into affect from April 2026.  This is directly affecting small businesses trading through self assessment, and property landlords.

What’s Changing?

If you’re used to submitting a Self-Assessment tax return once a year, things are about to change. HMRC is moving towards quarterly reporting, much like what VAT-registered businesses already do. This means instead of sending in your figures once a year, you’ll now be expected to submit updates every three months, using Accounting software compatible with HMRC, the spreadsheet will become a thing of the past.

Who Does This Affect?

This will roll out in phases:

• From April 2026: If your total self-employed or property turnover is over £50,000, you’ll be required to comply.
• From April 2027: The threshold lowers to £30,000.

This applies to landlords as well as sole traders, so even if you're just renting out property and not running a business, this could still apply to you.

What Should You Do?

If you're likely to be affected, don’t panic. We’ll be in touch with you individually to discuss the best approach and make sure you’re set up well in advance.

It’s worth noting that HMRC has already changed the start date a few times, so we are still in the early days of implementation. Information is a little light at the moment from HMRC side of things, but we’ll keep you updated as soon as we know more.

Here to Help

We know this might feel like a big shift, and it’s perfectly normal to feel unsure about how it will all work. If this news has left you with questions or concerns, please call or message us — we're here to help guide you through it all.

Let’s make this new tax year a smooth one!

Filing your tax return as early as possible comes with several advantages. It removes the stress of last-minute submissions, allowing you to focus entirely on running your business. The self-assessment deadline of 31st January remains unchanged every year, yet HMRC reported that 2.6 million people had not filed their tax returns just two days before the deadline last year.

Missing the deadline results in an automatic £100 fine, with additional penalties for further delays. If your return is more than three months late, daily fines of £10 start accumulating—leading to significant penalties you’ll want to avoid.

You can submit your tax return as soon as April 6th, and filing early comes with a major advantage: you don’t have to pay your tax bill immediately. The payment deadline remains in January, giving you plenty of time to budget for what you owe. Plus, if you’re due a tax refund, filing early ensures you receive it much sooner—unlike those who file in January, when HMRC experiences delays due to high demand.

With a little organisation, you can get your paperwork sorted and your tax return submitted well in advance—leaving you free to enjoy the festive season stress-free. Filing correctly is crucial, as you don’t want to risk overpaying or underpaying your taxes. Seeking professional advice can help ensure accuracy and peace of mind.

Contact us on www.crossaccountingservice.co.uk if you have any concerns regarding your tax return as we are always here to help.

As we step closer to April 2025, change is on the horizon. This is when the new financial year starts and we discuss what could impact our business in the coming months. We’ll explore what is ahead and how to prepare effectively.

National Minimum Wage

The most notable one is the rise in National Living Wage and National Minimum Wage. We are probably familiar with this rising every April.

Take a look at the table below for the hourly rate changes.

The apprenticeship rate applies to apprentices under 19 or 19 and over in the first year of apprenticeship.

Personal Allowance

The freeze continues on personal tax thresholds. Your personal allowance is the amount you can earn until you start to pay income tax. The personal allowance is currently £12,570 and set to be until April 2028 where the government will look to review.

Employer’s NI

Employers NI is also set to rise from 1 April 2025. Currently employers pay NI on employees wages at 13.8% when it hits the threshold of £9,100 however, from April the rate increases to 15% and the threshold falls to £5,000.

 To combat against this, the government have increased the employment allowance. The employment allowance is a credit against the Employer’s NI. Currently it is £5,000 for the year and will increase to £10,500. Once you have used up your Employment Allowance, then you will start to pay Employer’s NI.

Corporation Tax

There are no changes in the rates of Corporation Tax. This means that, from April 2025, the small profits rate will stay at 19% and will be payable by companies with profits of £50,000 or less.

Companies with over £250,000 profit will pay corporation tax at 25%.

Companies with profits between £50,001 and £250,000 will pay tax at the main rate reduced by a marginal relief, providing a gradual increase in the effective Corporation Tax rate.

If you're concerned about budgeting for the latest tax changes, let us know! We are experts in managing budgets and identifying trends to help you make the most of your resources. We can work out whether the Employment Allowance is going to save you money, or cost you money and provide insights and solutions tailored to your needs. Additionally, if you require any extra services, don’t hesitate to reach out—we’re here to accommodate your requests and provide the best possible support. We’re always ready to assist in any way we can!

What to do with your business if things have quietened down over summer

This may not be affecting you, but a lot of businesses suffer at some point during the year from seasonality or the great British weather affecting the productivity of their business.

Ive worked in the travel industry where if the weather is too good the telephone stops ringing, but Boxing Day the phone lines are maxed out.

Manufacturing tend to have a shut down over Christmas etc.

Everybody seems to be on holiday in July and August!

This might be adhoc or happens the same time every year, you know its going to happen, so planning ahead for that potential sales fall is vital to keep the operation moving and generating income for when the good times come back.

Keeping a buffer in the bank account certainly helps, you may need to scale back for a short period of time.

But for an ever growing business you are not going to want to scale back you want to keep on going.

Increase the marketing, do a special offer to either get things moving again in the Autumn, or get things moving now. The choice is up to you, but you are going to have to do something about it. Sitting on your laurels will not generate that income.

Use the time to look at your operation, are there systems you can tighten up on, costs to trim down. Think efficiency all the time, if you can do it better, add value, or save some time, its all a good thing.

Or a topical word at the moment, Collaboration. Get together with your network, maybe a couple of you have connected skills, and can promote each other, or do an event together and share the proceeds. What have you got to lose.

The important thing is to not sit back and wait for it to come, you make it happen.

This blog is intended for information purposes only and is only advice from past experience, you may have other suggestions of your own. It is not intended to be used to make all of your business decisions but as a guide only.

Most business owners don’t realise that unless you have secured your name and logo through registering a trademark that you may not actually own your own brand.

Registering at Companies House is not enough to stop somebody else using your logo and claiming it as their own.

Please take a look at the following website.

http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/tm.htm

The Intellectual Property Office, are spending time informing business owners of the benefits of registering their business logo as a Trademark,. If you get the opportunity to go along to one of their seminars it is highly recommended.

Business Wales have advisors that can also help you with Intellectual property or patents as it was formerly known. http://business.wales.gov.uk/

To register a trademark is quite simple and costs £170 for 10 years, then you renew after that. You don’t need to be Kellogg’s or Tesco to see the Importance of this registration, the trade mark registration will increase the value of your business should you wish to sell it, plus you will definitely need it if you have planned to set up a franchise of your business, again this increases the value of the business.

If you have ever watched Dragons Den, it is one of the first questions the Dragons will ask the owner of the business. There are many options for you to protect but starting with your name should be the first point for increasing your business success, and definitely its value.

This blog is intended for information purposes only and is only advice from past experience, you may have other suggestions of your own. It is not intended to be used to make all of your business decisions but as a guide only.

Employing a new member of staff can be a scary thought for any employer even the most experienced ones. Will that person fit in with the team, can they do the job, what will they cost me.

It depends on what type of job you are trying to fill as to how strict you need to make the interview process.

A lower paid non responsible role might be at minimum wage whereas a manager or professionally experienced person might be at a much higher salary so you need to make changes as far as getting the right candidates to apply. Be clear from the outset what it is that you want. Do you need a full time or part time person, is the job permanent or casual.

Put together a job specification which will list all of the jobs and responsibilities the person has. Do they need specific qualifications to do the job.

A person specification this is where you are looking at the personality of the person, the experience that is required, what type of specific jobs are they essentially needed to be experienced in, to get a chance of an interview.

Grade every candidate with a score depending on how they fit with your specification above, it’s a little more time consuming but will quickly discard candidates who don’t fit your requirements.

The interview make a list of questions you need to ask and try and encourage the person in front of you to open up and talk about their experience. This will allow you a small insight into their personality.

If this is a role for an experienced or technical job, then give them a test as well as a person to person interview. I tend to do a test at the end of the interview when the candidate is all relaxed. They are more likely to be calm when you are in discussion with them.

Check references always, don’t take anyone on face value, and if you have other members of staff introduce the person at the interview. Other employees feedback is always helpful as at the end of the day they need to fit in with your already established team.

Give them a contract of employment this is required by law, even a casual member of staff is entitled to holiday pay.

An employee is controlled by the terms of their contract with you. You can allocate them any job that is within the remit of their employment.

They tend to be cheaper than a subcontractor but you are responsible for handing over their income tax and national insurance contributions. Plus Employers NI which is currently 13.8% above the lower rate earnings.

They are entitled to holiday pay

Entitled to pension under the new scheme automatic enrollment

There is more chance of loyalty from an employee as you are providing them with their main work

Outsourcing A Subcontractor

This can be useful if you only have a need for a small pocket of time for a particular project or contract. As you are not offering a permanent role.

They tend to be slightly more expensive than an employee as they are responsible for their own income tax and national insurance.

You can expect them to be able to do the task in hand as they are likely to be experienced in that particular field you are employing them for.

You do not control what they do, but should expect a reasonable level of professionalism and expertise.

They are not entitled to holiday pay or sick leave or pension.

They are likely to be working for other people so other than a commitment in a contract you might be waiting for work to be done.

Recruiting someone in this capacity should like employment be done on the basis that they will fit in with the team and that they can do the job effectively. They are not entitled to redundancy payment

This blog is intended for information purposes only, you may have your own suggestions.  Use this a guide only

When you are running a business whether a new company or a well established one, getting the costing of your products or services costed correctly is crucial to your success.

Service Companies

Creating the Sales price.

Your main component of cost is going to be heavily on labour. You’re going to have to make sure that not only have you covered your labour cost, ie Cost plus employers NI. Contribution to overheads plus that all important profit.

A service company needs to have a mechanism for keeping track of those labour costs versus quoting for a job, at the fingertips at all times. The easiest and simplest route to finding this out is to keep timesheets, or cost the time of every element of each procedure. You always compare the timesheet for a particular job, ie the project, versus the original sales price. This will give you an average hourly rate of the job as a whole. You very importantly need to know the average hourly cost of your overheads. Basing this on the number of hours you have available as a maximum for every member of staff.

Ie You have two members of staff, each work 40 hours per week for 5 days work. As a yearly average that’s 4,160 hours at your disposal or 347 hours per month. Your overhead for example is £2,000 per month which equates to £5.76 per hour. A cost of this nature would be labour cost per hour, plus £5.76 overhead plus % profit.

Every business and industry is different, and you’re dictated quite a lot of the time by market rates, or competitors. By knowing your average overheads and labour costs, you will know the price you cant go below or face making a loss.

Hotels have this down to a fine art. They are mainly in the services industry again heavily focused on labour costs. When you have booked your room for the night. They will know ahead of time, the number of rooms they have, the cost of an empty room, and the cost of a full room. They will have broken down in their costing mechanism

The length of time to make a bed!

Cost of cleaning the room, length of time for each room!

Cost of washing the bedding/ towels!

Cost of the tea/coffee facilities!

Heating and lighting for each room!

Your breakfast cost!

Plus a contribution to fixed overheads, and % profit

Whether your service business is hourly project based or procedure based, you need to know the cost of each element.

Manufacturing and product based sales

Again as above you are dictated to by market rates, you might be a low volume business that can charge a premium fee for your product ie Apple Iphone.   Or a high volume business that charges sales at lower margins of profit but has to sell a lot of them. Ie Walkers selling crisps

When costing a product you need first know

Cost of the materials for the product!

Labour time to make it!

Cost of energy to make the product!

The more volume you make the cheaper it should be per product as you will become more automated in your processes plus you are likely to have more negotiation power with supplier costs. You need to build in a little slack as no-one or machine can work at 100% capacity all of the time. You do need to track efficiencies and always look at how you can make things better and demonstrate you are always trying to reduce inefficiencies. This is usually where profit can go down, if a business does not look to always improve its offering.

Supermarkets have just done this in the last 18 months, by offering the self checkout facility, they’ve saved both wages cost, time and rates bills.

The main thing to realise that this is not a static job to do, as you grow and develop or change your product offering you will need to keep monitoring these costs, or you could end up working twice as hard, for a lower gain.

Always be one step ahead.

This blog is intended for information only, you may have other suggestions of your own.  Please treat this as a guide only.

Budget 2014 19 March 2014

This is an edited version of the speech, to see the full speech go to https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/chancellor-george-osbornes-budget-2014-speech

So in this Budget we make sure hardworking people keep more of what they earn – and more of what they save. Yesterday we set out our support for parents with tax free childcare. Today support for savers is at the centre of this Budget, as we take another step towards our central mission: economic security for the people of Britain.

OBR and economic forecasts

A year ago at the Budget the OBR forecast the economy to grow by just 0.6% in 2013. They now confirm that it grew by three times as much. At the Autumn Statement, they significantly revised up their expectations for future growth.

Today I can tell the House they are revising up their forecast again. A year ago, they predicted growth in 2014 would be 1.8%. At the Autumn Statement, 2.4%. Today the OBR forecast growth in 2014 of 2.7%. That’s the biggest upward revision to growth between Budgets for at least 30 years. Growth next year is also revised up to 2.3%. Then it’s 2.6% in 2016 and 2017. And with the output gap closed around a year earlier than previously predicted, growth returns to around its long term trend, at 2.5% in 2018. Taken together, these growth figures mean our economy will be £16 billion larger than was forecast just four months ago. Employment forecasts At home the biggest risk is clear: abandoning the economic plan that is working. And nowhere is the success of that plan more evident than in job creation. 1.3 million more people in work. The latest figures today show a staggering 24% fall in the claimant count in just one year, and the fastest fall in the youth claimant count since 1997. The OBR today forecast one and a half million more jobs over the next five years. Unemployment down from the 8% we inherited to just over 5%.

£1 coin

Of course, the prerequisite of sound money is a sound currency. And, Mr Deputy Speaker, the £1 coin has become increasingly vulnerable to forgery. Now among the oldest of coins in circulation; one in thirty pound coins are counterfeit – and that costs businesses and the taxpayer millions each year. So I can announce that we will move to a new, highly secure, £1 coin. It will take three years. We will consult with industry. Our new pound coin will blend the security features of the future with inspiration from our past. In honour of our Queen, the coin will take the shape of one of the first coins she appeared on – the threepenny bit. A more resilient pound for a more resilient economy.

Fiscal policy

We are taking further difficult decisions now so we can reduce the deficit and protect our NHS and schools and meet our obligations to the world’s poorest by contributing 0.7% of our national income to help them. On public service pensions, we implement the reforms proposed by John Hutton. We will ensure schemes are properly valued, saving the taxpayer over £1 billion a year. We are continuing with pay restraint in the public sector – an essential part of maintaining sound finances and economic stability. We will also insist on the prudent management of departmental finances. Thanks to the efforts of my colleagues in Cabinet, these now regularly come in under budget. In order to lock-in these underspends, I said in December that we would reduce spending by £1 billion in 2015-16. Today, I am making that overall billion pound reduction permanent. And I look forward to the work my excellent colleague the Chief Secretary is now doing, with the Cabinet Office, to find further efficiencies. Difficult decisions on public service pay and pensions. Further savings in departments. A cap on welfare bills. None of these decisions are easy, but they are the right thing to ensure Britain lives within her means.

Welfare

We set out today the details of that welfare cap – and we will seek the support of Parliament for it next week. From housing benefit to tax credits, the full list of benefits included in the cap is published in the Budget document today. Only the State Pension and the cyclical unemployment benefits are excluded. I am setting it at £119 billion in 2015-16. It will rise, but only in line with forecast inflation, to £127 billion in 2018-19. Britain should always be proud of having a welfare system that helps those most in need. But never again should we allow its costs to spiral out of control and its incentives to become so distorted that it pays not to work. In future, any government that wants to spend more on benefits will: have to be honest with the public about the costs, need the approval of Parliament, and will be held to account by this permanent cap on welfare.

Tax avoidance

Thanks to my Right Honourable Friend the Prime Minister’s leadership we have driven the international efforts to develop tough, new global tax rules that stop rich individuals hiding their tax and companies shifting their profits offshore. And the number of registered tax avoidance schemes has fallen by half. And while the vast majority of wealthy people pay their taxes, there is still a small minority who do not. We will now require those who have signed up to disclosed tax avoidance schemes to pay their taxes, like everyone else, up front. I am increasing HMRC’s budget to tackle non-compliance. We will block transfers of profits between companies within groups to avoid tax. We will increase tax credit debt recovery rates for those with sufficient earnings. We will give HMRC modern powers to collect debts from bank accounts of people who can afford to pay but have repeatedly refused to, like most other Western countries. We will increase compliance checks to catch migrants who claim benefits they aren’t entitled to, saving the taxpayer almost £100 million. We will take action to curb potential misuse of the EIS and VCT schemes. And we are expanding the new tax we introduced to stop people avoiding stamp duty by owning homes through a company. We will expand the tax on residential properties worth over £2 million to those worth more than £500,000. And from midnight tonight anyone purchasing residential property worth over half a million pounds through a corporate envelope will be required to pay 15% stamp duty. None of this applies to homes that are rented out. Many of these are empty properties held in corporate envelopes to avoid stamp duty.

So I will continue to direct the use of the LIBOR fines to our military charities and our emergency service charities too. Because the sums continue to grow, I can today extend that support to our search and rescue and lifeboat services – and provide £10 million of support to our scouts, guides, cadets and St John’s Ambulance. I am also today waiving inheritance tax for those in our emergency services who give their lives protecting us. I will also relieve the VAT on fuel for our Air Ambulances and Inshore Rescue boat services across Britain, and provide a new air ambulance for London – all in response to huge and heartfelt public demand and the campaigning of my Hon. Friends for Hexham, Brentford & Isleworth, and Argyll & Bute. Further, this summer, many services of remembrance will be held in our cathedrals to mark the Great War, so we are providing £20 million to support the repairs needed to these historic buildings.

Exports

Mr Deputy Speaker, We’re not going to have a secure economic future if Britain doesn’t earn its way in the world. We need our businesses to export more, build more, invest more and manufacture more. First, exports. Our exports have grown each year and the OBR today forecast rising export growth in the future. Our combined goods exports to Brazil, India and China have risen faster than those of our competitors. With Stephen Green, and now Ian Livingston, we’re expanding the reach and support UKTI offers British businesses. But for many firms the truth is you can only win the contract if you are backed by competitive export finance. Today we fundamentally change that. And we’re going to start with the finance we provide our exporters. We will double the amount of lending available to £3 billion. And I can announce that from today the interest rates we charge on that lending will be cut by a third. We will also reform Air Passenger Duty to end the crazy system where you pay less tax travelling to Hawaii than you do travelling to China or India. It hits exports, puts off tourists and creates a great sense of injustice among our Caribbean and South Asian communities here in Britain. From next year, all long haul flights will carry the same, lower, band B tax rate that you now pay to fly to the United States. Private jets were not taxed at all under the previous government. Today they are, and I’m increasing the charge so they pay more.

One key British export is the North Sea’s oil and gas. We will take forward all recommendations of the Wood report. And we will review the whole tax regime to make sure it is fit for the purpose of extracting every drop of oil we can. We will introduce now a new allowance for ultra high pressure, high temperature fields to support billions of pounds of investment, thousands of jobs and a significant proportion of our energy needs. Even with these measures, the North Sea is a mature basin – and the OBR have today revised down the forecast tax receipts by a further £3 billion over the period. Britain is better together.

Housing

Mr Deputy Speaker, our country needs to export more – and it also needs to build more. House building is up 23%. But that’s not enough. That’s why we’re making further reforms to our planning system and offering half a billion pounds of finance to small house building firms. And it’s why we’re giving people a new Right to Build their own homes and providing £150 million of finance today to support that. It’s why we’re funding regeneration of some of the urban housing estates that are in the worst condition, and we’re extending the current Support for Mortgage Interest Scheme to 2016. And it’s why we’ve got Help to Buy. We’re extending the Help to Buy equity loan scheme for the rest of the decade, so we get 120,000 new homes built. In the South East where the pressure is greatest we’re going to build new homes in Barking Riverside, regenerate Brent Cross, and build the first new Garden City in almost a hundred years at Ebbsfleet. We’re going to build 15,000 homes there, put in the infrastructure, set up the development corporation and make it happen. Taken all together, the housing policies I announce today will support over 200,000 new homes for families.

Investment

Today I have approved a £270 million guarantee for the Mersey Gateway Bridge thanks to the hard work of my Honourable Friend for Weaver Vale.

Tomorrow we introduce legislation to give new tax and borrowing powers to the Welsh Government to fund their infrastructure needs, and they can start now on work to improve the M4 in South Wales. Because of the exceptionally poor weather this winter, I am making an additional £140 million available, on top of that already provided, for immediate repairs and maintenance to damaged flood defences across Britain. Our roads too have taken a battering.

My Honourable Friend for Northampton North has been a persistent campaigner for resources to repair the pot-holes in his constituency and across the country. His persistence has paid off and I’m making £200 million available which local authorities can bid for. I trust Northampton will be making an application. Modern infrastructure is part of a successful economy. So too is a modern industrial strategy.

If Britain isn’t leading the world in science and technology and engineering, then we are condemning our country to fall behind. So we will establish new centres for doctoral training, for Cell Therapy and for Graphene – a great British discovery that we should break the habit of a lifetime with and commercially develop in Britain. To make sure we give young people the skills they need to get good jobs in this modern world, we’ve doubled the number of apprenticeships and I will extend the grants for smaller businesses to support over 100,000 more. And we’ll now develop new degree level apprenticeships too.

Business tax

Today we accept their recommendation to move the collection of Class 2 NICs into self-assessment, abolishing for 5 million people this wholly unnecessary bureaucracy. And we’ve cut business tax rates.

Corporation tax was 28% when we came to office. In just two weeks corporation tax will be down to 21%, high street stores will get £1,000 off their rates, and every business in the country will get the Employment Allowance – a £2,000 cash-back on jobs. Next year, corporation tax will reach 20% and we take under 21s out of the jobs tax altogether. Businesses keeping more of their money to create jobs and invest in the future. Today I want to go further. Many of the enterprise zones we created are now flourishing – so the business rates discounts and enhanced capital allowances will be extended for another three years.

And I can confirm that with the Northern Ireland Executive we’ll establish the first enterprise zone there near Coleraine. I’m raising the rate of the R&D tax credit for loss-making small businesses from 11% to 14.5%.

Two years ago, I launched the Seed Enterprise Investment Scheme to help finance start-ups. It’s been a great success and I’m making it permanent. We’re backing investment into social enterprises with a Social Investment Tax Relief at a rate of 30%. And we’re supporting our creative industries too.

The European Commission has today approved the extension of our film tax credit – and I will apply the same successful approach to theatre, especially regional theatre. From this September there will be a 20% tax relief for qualifying productions, and 25% for regional touring.

And we’re expanding by a third the size of the cultural gift scheme. But I want to do something today that helps all businesses invest.

In 2012 I increased the Annual Investment Allowance ten-fold to £250,000. This generous allowance was due to expire at the end of this year – and all the business groups have urged me to extend it. So we will. But we’ll do more. We’re going to double the Investment Allowance to £500,000, extend it to the end of 2015, and start it next month. 99.8% of businesses will get a 100% investment allowance.

Manufacturing Today, by tilting the playing field – extending the 2% increase in company car tax in 2017-18 and 2018-19 while increasing the discount for ultra low emission vehicles – and reducing the rate of fuel duty on methanol. But above all we are going to have a £7 billion package to cut energy bills for British manufacturers – with benefits for families and other businesses too. First, I am capping the Carbon Price Support rate at £18 per ton of CO2 from 2016-17 for the rest of the decade. This will save a mid-sized manufacturer almost £50,000 on their annual energy bill. Duties So we’re backing exports, backing manufacturing, backing a Britain that builds. And

Mr Deputy Speaker, we also want to help hardworking people keep more of what they earn and of what they save. That’s what we’ve done by freezing council tax, freezing fuel duty and raising the personal allowance to £10,000. And from next year tax free childcare – 20% off, for up to £10,000 of childcare costs for parents.

I can confirm that the fuel duty rise planned for September will not take place. Petrol will be 20 pence lower per litre than it would have been.

Let me turn now to tobacco and alcohol duties. Tobacco duty has been rising by 2% above inflation and will do so again today. Today, I am scrapping that escalator for all alcohol duties. They will rise with inflation, with these exceptions:

Scottish Whisky is a huge British success story. To support that industry, instead of raising duties on whisky and other spirits, I am today going to freeze them. And with some cider makers in the West Country hit hard by the recent weather, I am going to help them by freezing the duty on ordinary cider too. And then there’s beer. I know the industry, led so ably by my Honourable Friend for Burton, have been campaigning for a freeze. But beer duty next week will not be frozen. It will be cut again by 1 pence. Pubs saved. Jobs created. A penny off a pint for the second year running.

Personal allowance

 Mr Deputy Speaker, it is a central part of our long term economic plan that people keep more of the money they have earned. When we came to office, the personal tax allowance was just £6,500. In less than three weeks time, it will reach £10,000. That’s an income tax cut for 25 million people. Today, because we are working through our plan, we can afford to go further. Next year there will be no income tax at all on the first £10,500 of your salary.

I can also confirm today that the higher rate threshold will rise for the first time this Parliament, from £41,450 to £41,865 next month, and then by a further 1% to £42,285 next year.

And because I am also passing the full benefit of today’s personal And I am linking the rate of the transferable tax allowance for married couples to the personal allowance, so it will also rise to £1,050.

Savings And we are going to make the New ISA more generous by increasing the annual limit to £15,000. £15,000 of savings a year tax free – available from the first of July. And I’m raising the limits for Junior ISAs to £4,000 a year too.

So we will launch the new Pensioner Bond paying market leading rates. It will be issued by National Savings and Investments, open to everyone aged 65 or over, and available from January next year. The exact rates will be set in the autumn, to ensure the best possible offer - but our assumption is 2.8% for a one year bond and 4% on a three year bond. That’s much better than anything equivalent in the market today. Up to £10 billion of these bonds will be issued. A maximum of £10,000 can be saved in each bond.

And because 21 million people also invest in Premium Bonds I am lifting the cap for the first time in a decade from £30,000 to £40,000 this June, and to £50,000 next year – and I will double the number of million pound winners.

The tax rules around these pensions are a manifestation of a patronising view that pensioners can’t be trusted with their own pension pots. I reject that. People who have worked hard and saved hard all their lives, and done the right thing, should be trusted with their own finances. And that’s precisely what we will now do. Trust the people. Some changes will take effect from next week. We will:

• cut the income requirement for flexible drawdown from £20,000 to £12,000

• raise the capped drawdown limit from 120% to 150%

• increase the size of the lump sum small pot five-fold to £10,000

• and almost double the total pension savings you can take as a lump sum to £30,000 All of these changes will come into effect on 27 March.

Pensioners will have complete freedom to draw down as much or as little of their pension pot as they want, anytime they want. No caps. No drawdown limits. Let me be clear. No one will have to buy an annuity. But instead of the punitive 55% tax that exists now if you try to take the rest, anything else you take out of your pension will simply be taxed at normal marginal tax rates – as with any other income. So not a 55% tax but a 20% tax for most pensioners. But there is one final reform to support savings I would like to make. Mr Deputy Speaker, There is a 10 pence starting rate for income from savings. It is complex to levy and it penalises low income savers.

Today I am abolishing the 10 pence rate for savers altogether. No tax on those savings whatsoever. And we will almost double this zero-pence band to cover £5,000 of saving income.

This blog is intended for information purposes only and is only advice from past experience, you may have other suggestions of your own. It is not intended to be used to make all of your business decisions but as a guide only.